Treatment of parasitic diseases is an urgent problem for the population of countries with hot and humid climates. According to the World Health Organization, 25% of the world’s population is vulnerable to helminthic attacks. Parasites can exist for a long time (for several years) in the body of the host, without giving up its presence and gradually destroying the organs from within. Most helminthiases are accompanied by allergic reactions and suppression of immunological protection, leading to serious illness and even death.
What is a worm
Helminths (worms) - a common name for parasitic worms, the owner of which is a person or an animal. Currently, there are more than 250 species of helminths on the planet (about 90 of them live in the CIS). In length, worms in the human body can reach several meters, but most are 20-40 cm in size. Helminths can inhabit almost all organs of the human body, consuming the internal resources of the host, weakening them and leading to development. disease.
The peculiarity of helminths is that their full life cycle cannot take place in the host body - conditions not specific to the human body required for egg maturation. The prolonged presence of worms is due to re -infection (ingestion of mature eggs in the mouth, and then in the stomach and intestines). After the eggs of helminths enter the human body, larvae emerge from them and begin to move through the body. Most helminths "live" in the gut, but some types of worms can migrate with the bloodstream to other organs (lungs, liver, heart, brain, eyes).
In the process of infection and further development in adults, worms in the human body have the following pathological effects:
- mechanical violation of the integrity of the intestinal wall;
- exposure to toxic waste products of helminths;
- absorption of useful substances necessary for a person by parasites;
- closure of the liver ducts, intestinal lumen with worm lumps (rare with large helminths lesions).
Helminthiases are a group of diseases caused by helminthic invasion. Children are more prone to such pathologies, because their immunity is not yet fully formed, and in addition, they are unable to maintain personal hygiene. Further away from children, it is possible to infect adult family members, which contributes to further spread.
For helminthiasis, specific symptoms are not characteristic, because the clinical picture of infection with worms is similar to the pathological signs of the gallbladder, liver, gastrointestinal tract, therefore, laboratory tests are required to establish an accurate diagnosis. In addition, asymptomatic transport is often found, the diagnosis of which is associated with certain difficulties.
Kind of
Helminths, based on morphological characteristics, are divided into three large groups: round, tapeworm and flatworms. Each category is divided into several classes. Helminthiases are grouped into groups based on the type of worm causing the disease. Characteristics of the types of helminths and the pathology they cause:
- Roundworms (nematodes) are heterosexual helminths of relatively small size (2–40 cm), widespread due to ease of transmission. Infection with nematodes occurs when parasite eggs enter the mouth of a host from the feces of a carrier. The most common representative of helminths are pinworms - they are infected in 90% of cases. Pinworm larvae cause enterobiasis, accompanied by severe fatigue, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The second most common helminthiasis is caused by ascaris worms and is called ascariasis - this is a pathology in which the parasite infects not only the human intestine, but also other organs (liver, lungs, heart). Ascariasis is able to trigger internal bleeding, the appearance of allergic reactions, in children - developmental delay. The so-called whipworm, despite its small size (3-5 cm), can have a toxic effect on the human body for 5 years, causing trichocephalosis. The influence of Trichinella worms leads to the development of trichinosis, the characteristic feature of which is muscle tissue damage.
- Tapeworms (cestose) are the largest representatives of helminths (10-15 meters). This is a parasite of the same sex, i. e. their reproduction is carried out by an individual. A mandatory stage in the life cycle of tapeworms is the development of ungulates in the body. Cestode eggs enter the environment in the feces of host animals. In addition, infection through contaminated meat is possible. For example, inadequate heat treatment of pork leads to infection of pig tapeworm, beef - with beef tapeworm. Echinococcosis, caused by the tapeworm echinococci, of which a person is an intermediate host, is considered a serious parasitic disease. This pathology leads to the formation of cysts in the organs, which can only be removed with the help of surgical intervention.
- Flat worms (trematodes) are small (7-30 mm) and usually affect the hepatic and bile ducts. Trematoses can lead to the development of hepatitis, cholelithiasis. The main feature of flatworms is the presence of an inhaler on the surface of the body, which serves to absorb nutrients and blood. Infection with trematodes occurs due to consumption of uncooked or undercooked fish and seafood. The main representatives of trematodes are hepatic flukes and schistosomas; the first cause of opisthorchiasis, the second - schistosomiasis.
A separate niche between parasitic invasions is occupied by protozoan infections caused by the simplest unicellular microorganisms. Reproduction of these parasites occurs through division, so their numbers increase rapidly. The most common type of unicellular parasite in our region is lamblia, it exists in two forms - plants and cysts (spores). According to statistics, every third child suffers from giardiasis, because the infection occurs when only 2-10 lamblia cysts enter the intestine.
cause
Infection with helminthic and protozoal invasion is carried out via the oral -fecal route - mature eggs or spores enter the mouth and intestines of the host from the feces of infected animals. Science knows four main ways of infection:
- Contact - is carried out when a person comes in contact with an infected carrier (animals, birds, others), leading to the development of contact helminthiasis.
- Infection through soil and water, which contains eggs or cysts that cause disease, causes geohelminthiasis.
- Infections that occur when eating raw or unprocessed meat and fish with sufficient heat lead to the development of biohelminthiasis.
- A small percentage of attacks are caused by insect bites.
How to treat human worms
The symptoms for lesions by different helminths are usually similar. The most noticeable and common symptoms are sudden weight loss, body discomfort, pale skin, itching in the anus. At the same time, some symptoms can still help make a diagnosis - for example, disorders in the function of the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system signals the presence of bovine tapeworm in the body, allergic reactions and skin rashes - whip worms, etc. How to remove worms from a person, what methods and remedies exist for this - these issues are addressed by doctors of infectious diseases.
Determination of the correct diagnosis is based on the exact establishment of the type of pathogenic helminth. This may require laboratory tests (urine, blood, feces, bile) and other diagnostic measures (ultrasound, fluorography). It is necessary to start removing parasites immediately - the more time the helminths are in the body, the harder it is to get rid of the consequences of later defeat. Doctors prescribe treatment based on the weight, gender and age of the patient, taking into account the individual characteristics and general condition of the patient.
The success of the elimination of worms in humans is ensured not only by treatment with anthelminthic drugs, but also by adherence to a diet that improves health, and the prevention of new infections. Previously, only folk methods were used to remove parasites, whereas now it is used as an additional measure to combat helminths, as many synthetic anthelmintic drugs have appeared on the pharmaceutical market.
The modern pharmacological industry has about 20 drugs to get rid of worms in humans. Among them there are drugs with a narrow and broad spectrum of action:
| Types of drugs | Guidance |
| Anti-nematodic (intended to get rid of ringworm | Enterobiasis, ascariasis, trichocephalosis, trichinosis, strongyloidosis, ankylostomiasis |
| Anti-trematode (intended to get rid of flatworms) | Schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis |
| Protivocestodnoy (intended to remove tapeworms) | Echinococcosis, diphyllobothriasis, teniasis, teniarinchiasis, diphyllobothriasis |
How to get rid of worms from someone
Most anthelmintic drugs are effective against adults - eggs and larvae are not significantly damaged. For this reason, doctors recommend repeating the course after 2-3 weeks to exclude re-infection. In addition, experts advise, when treating some types of helminthiasis, to put an enema in the evening or drink a laxative after taking the pill in the morning.
Among traditional medicines, the most effective are raw pumpkin seeds, garlic, tansy. The mechanism of action of most drugs and non -traditional drugs to get rid of worms consists of interfering with the work of the neuromuscular system of helminths, inhibiting metabolism (due to inhibition of fumarate reductase), and destroying the integumentary tissue of worms.
During treatment, patients may experience symptoms of intoxication: intestinal disorders, headache, vomiting, allergic reactions, abdominal pain. Treatment of worms in humans with antiparasitic drugs should only be done as prescribed by a doctor and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to avoid complications and side effects.
Tablet
All medications for worm removal should be taken with food with a glass of liquid (water, milk). Features a comparison of several tablets for worms. All drugs are prohibited for use during pregnancy and lactation:
| The active ingredient of the drug | Action | Guidance | Application method (for adults) | Side effect | Contraindications |
| Pirantel | The nerve endings are stuck in the worm's muscles | Enterobiasis, ascariasis, noncatorosis, ankylostomiasis | Up to 75 kg - 15 ml of syrup once, 75 kg and more - 20 ml | Dizziness, disorders of the digestive system, skin rash | Liver failure, up to 6 months of age |
| Carbendazim | Parasitic muscle paralysis | Ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, trichocephalosis, noncatorosis | Depending on the type of parasite | Nausea, weakness, allergic reactions | Component sensitivity |
| Pyrvinia emboat | Violation of worm metabolism | Enterobiasis | 5 mg / kg body weight once in the morning after breakfast | Headache, nausea, diarrhea, allergic reactions | Liver failure, up to 3 months of age |
To successfully combat parasites, it is important to adhere to the rules of personal hygiene carefully, to strictly adhere to the treatment prescribed by a doctor. In addition to the use of anthelmintic drugs, it is recommended to take care to remove toxins from the body and restore organ function, strengthen the immune system. For this purpose, folk recipes (infusions, teas), as well as industrial vitamin and mineral complexes are widely used.
Restoration of the people
The use of traditional medicine recipes is very effective in eliminating parasites. For this purpose, decoctions, tinctures, solutions for enemas from the following natural ingredients are used:
- garlic;
- pumpkin seeds;
- Walnut;
- garlic;
- herbs: dandelion, tansy, wormwood, burdock, nettle;
- oils: hemp, cedar, flaxseed, sea buckthorn.
How to Get Rid of Worms at Home |
Some types of helminthiasis are successfully treated at home without hospitalization, but if infected with a large type of worm, supportive therapy in a hospital setting may be needed. Removing worms at home includes both drug treatment and the use of alternative medicine. Any funds received only as prescribed by a doctor, self-medication is prohibited.
Pumpkin seeds
Pumpkin seeds are considered the most popular folk remedy for getting rid of worms because of its negative effect on worms and the absence of side reactions. The antihelminthic properties of this product are due to the presence in it of the substance cucurbitin, which is a poison for most worms. Pumpkin seeds should be eaten with the skin no more than 300 g per day for adults. Some popular recipes:
- Wash and dry the seeds, grind in a blender, add honey. It is necessary to take the mixture on an empty stomach, after 4 hours, take a laxative.
- During the day, you need to eat 100 g of seeds (divided into 4 servings), after each intake, after an hour, drink a teaspoon of castor oil, the course is 3-4 days.
garlic
Garlic remedies are believed to be effective against ringworms, pinworms, and some types of tapeworms. In addition, garlic has immunostimulatory properties and does not cause serious side effects. Some recipes for medicines with garlic:
- Grind 2 lemons and 10 heads of garlic in a meat grinder, mix and cool. Take the product 1 tablespoon three times a day.
- Pour 200 ml of warm water over a few cloves of chopped garlic, leave overnight. Garlic water should be taken daily, 200 ml in the morning on an empty stomach for a week.
Troichetka
This product contains powders of several plants in different combinations. These drugs not only help in combating common helminthic invasion, but also help normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract:
- Mix tansy, cloves and wormwood in a ratio of 4: 2: 1. Take a mixture of 1 teaspoon a day before meals with water, on the second day eat 2 tablespoons, on all subsequent days - 3. The course of treatment is 14 days.
- Mix calendula, dried calamus and cumin seeds in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. Take the mixture in the same way.
Enema from worms
Enemas based on substances toxic to parasites have been widely used in the removal of worms. Such a procedure is effective only in cases of intestinal helminthiasis. Some popular recipes:
- Pour 2-3 cloves of chopped garlic with a glass of milk, bring to a boil, cool. Use the enema solution within 2 weeks. Children under the age of 3 should not be given a garlic enema.
- Pour ½ teaspoon of baking soda with a glass of water, bring to a boil, cool. It is necessary to put a soda enema for 30 minutes. The course of treatment is 7 days.
- 1 tablespoon chopped tansy flowers pour 500 ml of hot water, boil for 15 minutes, then leave for 4 hours. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.